AVN MOS mean 12Z temperature errors for selected sites for 2001 +/- indicates a 95% confidence interval calculated around the mean sd = standard deviation, abserr = absolute error 12 hr 24 hr 36 hr 48 hr 60 hr 72 hr KATL mean bias -0.212 +/- 0.233 -0.528 +/- 0.275 -0.574 +/- 0.283 -0.920 +/- 0.319 -0.728 +/- 0.333 -0.773 +/- 0.392 KATL sd bias 2.264 2.673 2.755 3.096 3.239 3.807 KATL mean abserr 1.772 +/- 0.146 2.202 +/- 0.165 2.151 +/- 0.186 2.511 +/- 0.209 2.536 +/- 0.220 2.818 +/- 0.275 KATL sd abserr 1.422 1.602 1.811 2.028 2.139 2.671 KBOS mean bias 0.700 +/- 0.257 0.618 +/- 0.290 0.545 +/- 0.308 0.399 +/- 0.333 0.160 +/- 0.331 0.255 +/- 0.378 KBOS sd bias 2.497 2.813 2.993 3.229 3.215 3.663 KBOS mean abserr 1.950 +/- 0.175 2.197 +/- 0.192 2.336 +/- 0.200 2.471 +/- 0.218 2.413 +/- 0.219 2.803 +/- 0.244 KBOS sd abserr 1.706 1.860 1.945 2.113 2.127 2.367 KCLE mean bias -0.124 +/- 0.292 -0.305 +/- 0.306 -0.234 +/- 0.326 -0.418 +/- 0.354 -0.587 +/- 0.392 -0.748 +/- 0.436 KCLE sd bias 2.838 2.967 3.166 3.435 3.815 4.224 KCLE mean abserr 2.234 +/- 0.180 2.321 +/- 0.193 2.466 +/- 0.205 2.717 +/- 0.221 2.989 +/- 0.251 3.341 +/- 0.277 KCLE sd abserr 1.750 1.868 1.996 2.138 2.437 2.685 KCVG mean bias 0.030 +/- 0.278 -0.374 +/- 0.294 -0.452 +/- 0.312 -0.942 +/- 0.340 -0.868 +/- 0.383 -1.155 +/- 0.451 KCVG sd bias 2.702 2.853 3.037 3.301 3.723 4.372 KCVG mean abserr 2.025 +/- 0.184 2.208 +/- 0.190 2.380 +/- 0.199 2.654 +/- 0.224 2.983 +/- 0.245 3.482 +/- 0.297 KCVG sd abserr 1.786 1.842 1.935 2.173 2.385 2.880 KDCA mean bias 1.307 +/- 0.243 1.025 +/- 0.280 1.177 +/- 0.281 1.050 +/- 0.294 1.182 +/- 0.321 0.781 +/- 0.340 KDCA sd bias 2.364 2.715 2.727 2.842 3.117 3.288 KDCA mean abserr 2.058 +/- 0.180 2.169 +/- 0.199 2.249 +/- 0.200 2.294 +/- 0.204 2.481 +/- 0.229 2.586 +/- 0.224 KDCA sd abserr 1.747 1.925 1.938 1.975 2.224 2.172 KDEN mean bias -0.261 +/- 0.361 -0.997 +/- 0.438 -0.578 +/- 0.417 -0.830 +/- 0.471 -1.064 +/- 0.475 -1.494 +/- 0.506 KDEN sd bias 3.497 4.226 4.035 4.546 4.601 4.887 KDEN mean abserr 2.794 +/- 0.218 3.506 +/- 0.265 3.261 +/- 0.252 3.690 +/- 0.287 3.742 +/- 0.297 4.075 +/- 0.319 KDEN sd abserr 2.114 2.557 2.439 2.775 2.875 3.077 KDFW mean bias 1.165 +/- 0.283 0.660 +/- 0.313 0.747 +/- 0.364 0.318 +/- 0.383 0.129 +/- 0.413 -0.110 +/- 0.437 KDFW sd bias 2.754 3.043 3.538 3.715 4.017 4.239 KDFW mean abserr 2.308 +/- 0.195 2.323 +/- 0.213 2.593 +/- 0.259 2.732 +/- 0.261 3.019 +/- 0.272 3.099 +/- 0.298 KDFW sd abserr 1.899 2.070 2.517 2.533 2.648 2.890 KGGW mean bias 0.107 +/- 0.378 0.078 +/- 0.440 -0.165 +/- 0.479 -0.208 +/- 0.523 -0.061 +/- 0.534 0.089 +/- 0.600 KGGW sd bias 3.676 4.265 4.654 5.068 5.194 5.813 KGGW mean abserr 2.769 +/- 0.249 3.302 +/- 0.278 3.620 +/- 0.301 3.776 +/- 0.349 3.802 +/- 0.364 4.233 +/- 0.410 KGGW sd abserr 2.416 2.696 2.923 3.382 3.534 3.979 KIAH mean bias 0.634 +/- 0.302 0.537 +/- 0.339 0.248 +/- 0.353 0.008 +/- 0.363 -0.190 +/- 0.397 -0.418 +/- 0.464 KIAH sd bias 2.937 3.286 3.432 3.516 3.864 4.499 KIAH mean abserr 2.165 +/- 0.214 2.504 +/- 0.226 2.496 +/- 0.243 2.507 +/- 0.254 2.769 +/- 0.278 3.161 +/- 0.333 KIAH sd abserr 2.080 2.191 2.365 2.462 2.698 3.224 KJFK mean bias 0.766 +/- 0.244 0.587 +/- 0.266 0.744 +/- 0.294 0.510 +/- 0.305 0.427 +/- 0.344 0.427 +/- 0.380 KJFK sd bias 2.373 2.583 2.857 2.957 3.344 3.681 KJFK mean abserr 1.890 +/- 0.167 2.017 +/- 0.177 2.287 +/- 0.192 2.238 +/- 0.206 2.537 +/- 0.228 2.698 +/- 0.262 KJFK sd abserr 1.625 1.714 1.864 1.995 2.215 2.536 KLAS mean bias 0.967 +/- 0.290 0.288 +/- 0.310 -0.107 +/- 0.327 -0.499 +/- 0.343 -0.452 +/- 0.354 -0.125 +/- 0.365 KLAS sd bias 2.818 3.005 3.180 3.329 3.446 3.538 KLAS mean abserr 2.372 +/- 0.185 2.404 +/- 0.188 2.504 +/- 0.201 2.676 +/- 0.210 2.793 +/- 0.212 2.812 +/- 0.221 KLAS sd abserr 1.800 1.820 1.959 2.038 2.062 2.146 KLAX mean bias 0.403 +/- 0.201 1.003 +/- 0.212 0.708 +/- 0.217 1.478 +/- 0.246 1.122 +/- 0.241 1.399 +/- 0.250 KLAX sd bias 1.948 2.045 2.102 2.374 2.336 2.410 KLAX mean abserr 1.547 +/- 0.129 1.835 +/- 0.139 1.731 +/- 0.143 2.260 +/- 0.170 2.100 +/- 0.157 2.271 +/- 0.167 KLAX sd abserr 1.248 1.347 1.385 1.644 1.515 1.613 KMCI mean bias 0.457 +/- 0.304 -0.244 +/- 0.337 -0.507 +/- 0.367 -1.197 +/- 0.427 -1.124 +/- 0.463 -1.416 +/- 0.525 KMCI sd bias 2.957 3.265 3.572 4.140 4.503 5.093 KMCI mean abserr 2.342 +/- 0.191 2.565 +/- 0.209 2.843 +/- 0.228 3.435 +/- 0.268 3.653 +/- 0.294 3.975 +/- 0.359 KMCI sd abserr 1.859 2.029 2.216 2.596 2.857 3.480 KMEM mean bias 0.358 +/- 0.260 0.072 +/- 0.296 -0.267 +/- 0.301 -0.759 +/- 0.357 -0.890 +/- 0.383 -0.994 +/- 0.434 KMEM sd bias 2.525 2.873 2.922 3.457 3.726 4.203 KMEM mean abserr 1.912 +/- 0.173 2.238 +/- 0.186 2.273 +/- 0.191 2.626 +/- 0.244 2.824 +/- 0.266 3.260 +/- 0.292 KMEM sd abserr 1.684 1.799 1.852 2.369 2.585 2.828 KMIA mean bias -0.699 +/- 0.206 -0.286 +/- 0.219 -0.260 +/- 0.229 -0.125 +/- 0.239 -0.033 +/- 0.247 -0.075 +/- 0.288 KMIA sd bias 2.002 2.121 2.225 2.318 2.397 2.792 KMIA mean abserr 1.655 +/- 0.136 1.631 +/- 0.143 1.746 +/- 0.144 1.769 +/- 0.155 1.818 +/- 0.161 2.081 +/- 0.192 KMIA sd abserr 1.323 1.384 1.401 1.500 1.560 1.860 KMSP mean bias 0.799 +/- 0.356 -0.119 +/- 0.381 0.148 +/- 0.439 -0.500 +/- 0.486 -0.231 +/- 0.536 -0.569 +/- 0.602 KMSP sd bias 3.462 3.696 4.272 4.717 5.218 5.846 KMSP mean abserr 2.640 +/- 0.244 2.843 +/- 0.243 3.269 +/- 0.282 3.633 +/- 0.314 3.945 +/- 0.351 4.552 +/- 0.382 KMSP sd abserr 2.374 2.361 2.749 3.045 3.417 3.704 KOKC mean bias 1.251 +/- 0.302 0.668 +/- 0.327 0.694 +/- 0.366 0.432 +/- 0.393 0.129 +/- 0.446 -0.551 +/- 0.499 KOKC sd bias 2.937 3.172 3.557 3.810 4.336 4.836 KOKC mean abserr 2.540 +/- 0.199 2.551 +/- 0.206 2.766 +/- 0.240 2.842 +/- 0.265 3.215 +/- 0.299 3.609 +/- 0.336 KOKC sd abserr 1.930 1.995 2.337 2.569 2.908 3.260 KORD mean bias 0.601 +/- 0.287 0.291 +/- 0.313 0.196 +/- 0.338 -0.238 +/- 0.390 -0.154 +/- 0.421 -0.288 +/- 0.478 KORD sd bias 2.795 3.039 3.289 3.785 4.091 4.629 KORD mean abserr 2.187 +/- 0.189 2.346 +/- 0.201 2.521 +/- 0.218 2.975 +/- 0.242 3.185 +/- 0.264 3.612 +/- 0.299 KORD sd abserr 1.837 1.949 2.117 2.347 2.568 2.903 KPHX mean bias -0.934 +/- 0.243 -0.961 +/- 0.271 -1.369 +/- 0.273 -1.715 +/- 0.307 -2.251 +/- 0.319 -1.729 +/- 0.333 KPHX sd bias 2.366 2.624 2.655 2.977 3.105 3.227 KPHX mean abserr 1.904 +/- 0.173 2.186 +/- 0.179 2.328 +/- 0.192 2.734 +/- 0.214 3.088 +/- 0.234 2.892 +/- 0.231 KPHX sd abserr 1.685 1.739 1.870 2.077 2.271 2.242 KSEA mean bias -0.080 +/- 0.235 0.008 +/- 0.248 0.198 +/- 0.255 0.100 +/- 0.262 0.176 +/- 0.271 0.133 +/- 0.296 KSEA sd bias 2.289 2.409 2.478 2.539 2.637 2.871 KSEA mean abserr 1.777 +/- 0.148 1.870 +/- 0.156 1.989 +/- 0.153 1.928 +/- 0.170 2.050 +/- 0.171 2.222 +/- 0.188 KSEA sd abserr 1.442 1.516 1.488 1.652 1.665 1.820 KSFO mean bias -0.175 +/- 0.217 -0.008 +/- 0.264 -0.341 +/- 0.262 0.249 +/- 0.289 0.039 +/- 0.296 -0.127 +/- 0.299 KSFO sd bias 2.082 2.531 2.522 2.773 2.848 2.866 KSFO mean abserr 1.493 +/- 0.152 1.878 +/- 0.177 1.890 +/- 0.177 2.113 +/- 0.189 2.130 +/- 0.196 2.167 +/- 0.196 KSFO sd abserr 1.460 1.694 1.701 1.809 1.888 1.876 KSLC mean bias -0.074 +/- 0.390 -0.396 +/- 0.448 -0.612 +/- 0.451 -0.881 +/- 0.490 -0.736 +/- 0.494 -0.584 +/- 0.532 KSLC sd bias 3.787 4.344 4.387 4.750 4.798 5.157 KSLC mean abserr 2.978 +/- 0.240 3.399 +/- 0.281 3.466 +/- 0.283 3.773 +/- 0.311 3.782 +/- 0.312 4.036 +/- 0.336 KSLC sd abserr 2.335 2.728 2.752 3.011 3.036 3.257