NGM MOS mean 00Z temperature errors for selected sites for 2001 +/- indicates a 95% confidence interval calculated around the mean sd = standard deviation, abserr = absolute error 12 hr 24 hr 36 hr 48 hr 60 hr ATL mean bias 0.337 +/- 0.330 0.246 +/- 0.338 0.569 +/- 0.370 0.285 +/- 0.386 0.329 +/- 0.439 ATL sd bias 3.199 3.279 3.595 3.745 4.263 ATL mean abserr 2.459 +/- 0.213 2.489 +/- 0.221 2.751 +/- 0.245 2.876 +/- 0.248 3.246 +/- 0.286 ATL sd abserr 2.071 2.145 2.378 2.412 2.779 BOS mean bias 0.265 +/- 0.343 -0.141 +/- 0.374 0.669 +/- 0.393 -0.207 +/- 0.425 0.008 +/- 0.471 BOS sd bias 3.327 3.627 3.817 4.130 4.567 BOS mean abserr 2.486 +/- 0.229 2.644 +/- 0.256 2.939 +/- 0.260 3.086 +/- 0.283 3.467 +/- 0.306 BOS sd abserr 2.223 2.484 2.521 2.748 2.968 CLE mean bias -0.149 +/- 0.319 -0.333 +/- 0.351 -0.140 +/- 0.398 -0.248 +/- 0.440 0.036 +/- 0.502 CLE sd bias 3.096 3.407 3.866 4.276 4.880 CLE mean abserr 2.413 +/- 0.200 2.647 +/- 0.223 2.923 +/- 0.260 3.196 +/- 0.293 3.766 +/- 0.319 CLE sd abserr 1.941 2.166 2.529 2.847 3.098 CVG mean bias -0.025 +/- 0.308 -0.609 +/- 0.328 0.052 +/- 0.363 -0.562 +/- 0.420 -0.187 +/- 0.472 CVG sd bias 2.994 3.185 3.525 4.083 4.593 CVG mean abserr 2.251 +/- 0.203 2.405 +/- 0.223 2.647 +/- 0.239 3.058 +/- 0.284 3.477 +/- 0.309 CVG sd abserr 1.971 2.172 2.324 2.759 3.001 DCA mean bias -0.341 +/- 0.310 -0.485 +/- 0.324 -0.374 +/- 0.334 -0.521 +/- 0.389 -0.476 +/- 0.430 DCA sd bias 3.001 3.139 3.237 3.772 4.171 DCA mean abserr 2.280 +/- 0.204 2.413 +/- 0.213 2.457 +/- 0.220 2.892 +/- 0.255 3.180 +/- 0.282 DCA sd abserr 1.978 2.063 2.137 2.473 2.735 DEN mean bias 1.645 +/- 0.559 1.471 +/- 0.593 1.565 +/- 0.665 0.895 +/- 0.698 0.667 +/- 0.761 DEN sd bias 5.430 5.767 6.468 6.784 7.394 DEN mean abserr 4.284 +/- 0.382 4.534 +/- 0.396 5.113 +/- 0.437 5.275 +/- 0.448 5.846 +/- 0.470 DEN sd abserr 3.715 3.848 4.252 4.350 4.567 DFW mean bias 0.581 +/- 0.378 0.858 +/- 0.391 1.061 +/- 0.469 1.122 +/- 0.502 1.647 +/- 0.550 DFW sd bias 3.660 3.787 4.543 4.862 5.325 DFW mean abserr 2.853 +/- 0.244 2.947 +/- 0.261 3.567 +/- 0.310 3.844 +/- 0.328 4.136 +/- 0.385 DFW sd abserr 2.361 2.523 3.003 3.175 3.731 GGW mean bias -1.069 +/- 0.482 -0.445 +/- 0.492 0.249 +/- 0.557 -0.517 +/- 0.590 0.246 +/- 0.699 GGW sd bias 4.676 4.779 5.407 5.729 6.787 GGW mean abserr 3.787 +/- 0.303 3.660 +/- 0.319 4.144 +/- 0.358 4.489 +/- 0.370 5.240 +/- 0.444 GGW sd abserr 2.937 3.098 3.475 3.589 4.311 IAH mean bias 1.581 +/- 0.345 0.983 +/- 0.381 1.785 +/- 0.422 1.237 +/- 0.450 1.427 +/- 0.501 IAH sd bias 3.349 3.699 4.106 4.373 4.873 IAH mean abserr 2.788 +/- 0.251 2.890 +/- 0.258 3.377 +/- 0.302 3.331 +/- 0.318 3.702 +/- 0.357 IAH sd abserr 2.435 2.506 2.935 3.087 3.470 JFK mean bias 0.163 +/- 0.298 0.039 +/- 0.313 0.218 +/- 0.337 -0.485 +/- 0.366 -0.058 +/- 0.397 JFK sd bias 2.893 3.045 3.275 3.556 3.857 JFK mean abserr 2.190 +/- 0.195 2.331 +/- 0.201 2.532 +/- 0.215 2.771 +/- 0.234 2.945 +/- 0.256 JFK sd abserr 1.893 1.957 2.085 2.275 2.487 LAS mean bias -0.099 +/- 0.289 0.199 +/- 0.302 0.271 +/- 0.335 0.099 +/- 0.349 -0.066 +/- 0.390 LAS sd bias 2.810 2.929 3.252 3.392 3.787 LAS mean abserr 2.171 +/- 0.184 2.166 +/- 0.204 2.431 +/- 0.224 2.514 +/- 0.234 2.779 +/- 0.265 LAS sd abserr 1.783 1.979 2.173 2.275 2.570 LAX mean bias 1.262 +/- 0.261 0.953 +/- 0.275 1.785 +/- 0.305 1.636 +/- 0.308 1.937 +/- 0.344 LAX sd bias 2.535 2.678 2.962 2.993 3.343 LAX mean abserr 2.149 +/- 0.189 2.105 +/- 0.196 2.579 +/- 0.237 2.512 +/- 0.237 2.928 +/- 0.259 LAX sd abserr 1.842 1.908 2.302 2.305 2.517 MCI mean bias 0.150 +/- 0.356 -0.083 +/- 0.412 0.305 +/- 0.474 -0.155 +/- 0.520 0.518 +/- 0.591 MCI sd bias 3.455 3.989 4.596 5.042 5.726 MCI mean abserr 2.715 +/- 0.221 2.997 +/- 0.271 3.435 +/- 0.316 3.695 +/- 0.354 4.457 +/- 0.374 MCI sd abserr 2.138 2.629 3.064 3.429 3.624 MEM mean bias 0.100 +/- 0.335 -0.244 +/- 0.340 0.277 +/- 0.384 -0.260 +/- 0.421 -0.385 +/- 0.497 MEM sd bias 3.245 3.297 3.726 4.084 4.814 MEM mean abserr 2.327 +/- 0.233 2.493 +/- 0.224 2.792 +/- 0.256 2.997 +/- 0.287 3.698 +/- 0.320 MEM sd abserr 2.260 2.167 2.478 2.781 3.099 MIA mean bias -0.055 +/- 0.220 -0.041 +/- 0.219 0.246 +/- 0.241 -0.047 +/- 0.257 0.268 +/- 0.278 MIA sd bias 2.135 2.126 2.337 2.494 2.702 MIA mean abserr 1.586 +/- 0.147 1.561 +/- 0.149 1.738 +/- 0.163 1.826 +/- 0.175 2.069 +/- 0.181 MIA sd abserr 1.428 1.442 1.579 1.697 1.755 MSP mean bias -0.630 +/- 0.392 -0.796 +/- 0.421 -0.920 +/- 0.487 -1.039 +/- 0.524 -0.417 +/- 0.591 MSP sd bias 3.806 4.091 4.725 5.086 5.740 MSP mean abserr 2.939 +/- 0.257 3.138 +/- 0.282 3.660 +/- 0.321 4.039 +/- 0.335 4.644 +/- 0.349 MSP sd abserr 2.495 2.738 3.120 3.255 3.390 OKC mean bias 0.102 +/- 0.367 0.138 +/- 0.419 0.592 +/- 0.477 -0.146 +/- 0.521 0.479 +/- 0.568 OKC sd bias 3.572 4.074 4.638 5.064 5.522 OKC mean abserr 2.603 +/- 0.251 2.992 +/- 0.284 3.628 +/- 0.303 3.992 +/- 0.320 4.220 +/- 0.369 OKC sd abserr 2.444 2.764 2.944 3.113 3.586 ORD mean bias 0.133 +/- 0.384 -0.174 +/- 0.428 0.141 +/- 0.471 -0.229 +/- 0.510 -0.047 +/- 0.615 ORD sd bias 3.730 4.157 4.576 4.955 5.969 ORD mean abserr 2.829 +/- 0.250 3.202 +/- 0.273 3.406 +/- 0.315 3.655 +/- 0.345 4.450 +/- 0.409 ORD sd abserr 2.430 2.652 3.053 3.349 3.971 PHX mean bias 0.331 +/- 0.333 0.616 +/- 0.347 0.688 +/- 0.376 0.829 +/- 0.387 0.845 +/- 0.423 PHX sd bias 3.237 3.367 3.648 3.761 4.108 PHX mean abserr 2.171 +/- 0.249 2.367 +/- 0.254 2.622 +/- 0.270 2.917 +/- 0.259 3.171 +/- 0.282 PHX sd abserr 2.421 2.470 2.625 2.511 2.740 SEA mean bias 0.800 +/- 0.301 0.894 +/- 0.327 1.094 +/- 0.362 1.142 +/- 0.381 1.178 +/- 0.428 SEA sd bias 2.917 3.165 3.503 3.690 4.141 SEA mean abserr 2.267 +/- 0.207 2.444 +/- 0.227 2.800 +/- 0.245 2.875 +/- 0.266 3.289 +/- 0.286 SEA sd abserr 2.000 2.197 2.368 2.576 2.773 SFO mean bias 1.605 +/- 0.356 1.478 +/- 0.352 1.779 +/- 0.427 1.522 +/- 0.433 1.575 +/- 0.470 SFO sd bias 3.455 3.415 4.146 4.199 4.559 SFO mean abserr 2.986 +/- 0.243 2.776 +/- 0.255 3.464 +/- 0.297 3.340 +/- 0.305 3.691 +/- 0.319 SFO sd abserr 2.363 2.475 2.886 2.962 3.101 SLC mean bias 0.107 +/- 0.420 0.201 +/- 0.467 0.207 +/- 0.498 0.110 +/- 0.513 0.069 +/- 0.573 SLC sd bias 4.086 4.540 4.839 4.983 5.566 SLC mean abserr 2.945 +/- 0.291 3.364 +/- 0.314 3.590 +/- 0.334 3.791 +/- 0.332 4.124 +/- 0.384 SLC sd abserr 2.831 3.050 3.246 3.230 3.733