NGM MOS mean 12Z temperature errors for selected sites for 2001 +/- indicates a 95% confidence interval calculated around the mean sd = standard deviation, abserr = absolute error 12 hr 24 hr 36 hr 48 hr 60 hr ATL mean bias 0.229 +/- 0.257 0.479 +/- 0.279 0.146 +/- 0.289 0.353 +/- 0.343 0.242 +/- 0.379 ATL sd bias 2.495 2.708 2.806 3.334 3.685 ATL mean abserr 1.959 +/- 0.160 2.116 +/- 0.180 2.190 +/- 0.181 2.479 +/- 0.232 2.793 +/- 0.248 ATL sd abserr 1.559 1.754 1.757 2.254 2.412 BOS mean bias -0.064 +/- 0.272 0.174 +/- 0.320 -0.169 +/- 0.345 0.204 +/- 0.360 -0.594 +/- 0.369 BOS sd bias 2.645 3.106 3.351 3.493 3.578 BOS mean abserr 2.036 +/- 0.174 2.395 +/- 0.204 2.622 +/- 0.215 2.807 +/- 0.215 2.831 +/- 0.233 BOS sd abserr 1.686 1.981 2.090 2.084 2.262 CLE mean bias -0.202 +/- 0.312 -0.500 +/- 0.352 -0.591 +/- 0.377 -0.511 +/- 0.415 -0.859 +/- 0.469 CLE sd bias 3.024 3.416 3.657 4.031 4.548 CLE mean abserr 2.345 +/- 0.197 2.644 +/- 0.228 2.934 +/- 0.232 3.113 +/- 0.268 3.616 +/- 0.297 CLE sd abserr 1.916 2.216 2.257 2.606 2.884 CVG mean bias 0.185 +/- 0.315 0.163 +/- 0.334 -0.196 +/- 0.390 -0.025 +/- 0.402 -0.417 +/- 0.486 CVG sd bias 3.054 3.247 3.791 3.904 4.718 CVG mean abserr 2.329 +/- 0.204 2.472 +/- 0.217 2.936 +/- 0.247 3.069 +/- 0.248 3.610 +/- 0.315 CVG sd abserr 1.980 2.107 2.400 2.407 3.060 DCA mean bias 0.488 +/- 0.265 -0.006 +/- 0.300 -0.150 +/- 0.300 0.030 +/- 0.334 -0.025 +/- 0.371 DCA sd bias 2.572 2.911 2.905 3.242 3.598 DCA mean abserr 1.922 +/- 0.183 2.177 +/- 0.199 2.144 +/- 0.202 2.446 +/- 0.219 2.745 +/- 0.240 DCA sd abserr 1.775 1.928 1.963 2.123 2.322 DEN mean bias -1.014 +/- 0.416 -0.847 +/- 0.456 -0.850 +/- 0.455 -0.992 +/- 0.499 -1.053 +/- 0.533 DEN sd bias 4.021 4.408 4.400 4.826 5.157 DEN mean abserr 3.292 +/- 0.260 3.593 +/- 0.278 3.624 +/- 0.272 3.978 +/- 0.300 4.167 +/- 0.332 DEN sd abserr 2.515 2.683 2.630 2.901 3.208 DFW mean bias -0.253 +/- 0.311 -0.433 +/- 0.339 -0.361 +/- 0.367 -0.421 +/- 0.421 -0.204 +/- 0.463 DFW sd bias 3.021 3.293 3.570 4.094 4.499 DFW mean abserr 2.270 +/- 0.206 2.449 +/- 0.230 2.609 +/- 0.253 2.840 +/- 0.306 3.410 +/- 0.302 DFW sd abserr 2.005 2.240 2.460 2.975 2.936 GGW mean bias 0.506 +/- 0.391 0.110 +/- 0.456 0.298 +/- 0.474 0.481 +/- 0.566 0.425 +/- 0.596 GGW sd bias 3.798 4.427 4.597 5.495 5.782 GGW mean abserr 2.898 +/- 0.258 3.398 +/- 0.292 3.541 +/- 0.303 4.160 +/- 0.372 4.331 +/- 0.396 GGW sd abserr 2.503 2.835 2.940 3.615 3.848 IAH mean bias 0.953 +/- 0.316 1.124 +/- 0.369 0.519 +/- 0.414 0.663 +/- 0.452 0.738 +/- 0.482 IAH sd bias 3.071 3.585 4.015 4.391 4.682 IAH mean abserr 2.351 +/- 0.226 2.798 +/- 0.258 2.934 +/- 0.287 3.265 +/- 0.309 3.483 +/- 0.331 IAH sd abserr 2.191 2.503 2.785 3.004 3.209 JFK mean bias 0.138 +/- 0.267 -0.061 +/- 0.289 -0.456 +/- 0.318 -0.257 +/- 0.343 -0.376 +/- 0.370 JFK sd bias 2.596 2.810 3.086 3.328 3.587 JFK mean abserr 1.884 +/- 0.184 2.110 +/- 0.191 2.406 +/- 0.204 2.616 +/- 0.213 2.823 +/- 0.231 JFK sd abserr 1.789 1.853 1.981 2.068 2.240 LAS mean bias 0.282 +/- 0.309 -1.124 +/- 0.311 -0.873 +/- 0.320 -1.254 +/- 0.340 -1.312 +/- 0.352 LAS sd bias 2.996 3.021 3.109 3.305 3.415 LAS mean abserr 2.420 +/- 0.184 2.500 +/- 0.209 2.547 +/- 0.204 2.768 +/- 0.226 2.831 +/- 0.238 LAS sd abserr 1.785 2.032 1.982 2.194 2.313 LAX mean bias 0.242 +/- 0.208 0.579 +/- 0.223 0.682 +/- 0.223 1.045 +/- 0.231 0.822 +/- 0.222 LAX sd bias 2.008 2.158 2.155 2.229 2.150 LAX mean abserr 1.552 +/- 0.134 1.705 +/- 0.149 1.758 +/- 0.147 1.969 +/- 0.153 1.808 +/- 0.147 LAX sd abserr 1.295 1.442 1.418 1.475 1.422 MCI mean bias -0.240 +/- 0.310 -0.425 +/- 0.345 -0.657 +/- 0.400 -0.337 +/- 0.448 -0.796 +/- 0.547 MCI sd bias 3.009 3.351 3.882 4.350 5.314 MCI mean abserr 2.412 +/- 0.187 2.602 +/- 0.221 3.066 +/- 0.254 3.354 +/- 0.287 4.050 +/- 0.363 MCI sd abserr 1.811 2.150 2.464 2.785 3.525 MEM mean bias -0.069 +/- 0.278 -0.229 +/- 0.302 -0.693 +/- 0.350 -0.475 +/- 0.406 -0.290 +/- 0.466 MEM sd bias 2.697 2.936 3.397 3.944 4.525 MEM mean abserr 2.036 +/- 0.182 2.285 +/- 0.191 2.566 +/- 0.240 2.812 +/- 0.289 3.290 +/- 0.321 MEM sd abserr 1.767 1.855 2.328 2.801 3.115 MIA mean bias -0.839 +/- 0.213 -0.922 +/- 0.254 -1.183 +/- 0.270 -0.867 +/- 0.293 -1.080 +/- 0.316 MIA sd bias 2.063 2.461 2.613 2.844 3.068 MIA mean abserr 1.765 +/- 0.140 2.064 +/- 0.168 2.280 +/- 0.179 2.341 +/- 0.189 2.493 +/- 0.215 MIA sd abserr 1.357 1.624 1.737 1.830 2.086 MSP mean bias 0.174 +/- 0.371 -0.441 +/- 0.400 -0.339 +/- 0.450 -0.556 +/- 0.492 -1.014 +/- 0.555 MSP sd bias 3.610 3.884 4.374 4.786 5.392 MSP mean abserr 2.791 +/- 0.236 2.986 +/- 0.259 3.336 +/- 0.293 3.658 +/- 0.322 4.116 +/- 0.373 MSP sd abserr 2.292 2.518 2.844 3.130 3.621 OKC mean bias 0.337 +/- 0.347 0.569 +/- 0.398 0.210 +/- 0.420 0.702 +/- 0.461 0.417 +/- 0.516 OKC sd bias 3.364 3.866 4.074 4.476 5.009 OKC mean abserr 2.613 +/- 0.220 3.122 +/- 0.242 3.315 +/- 0.244 3.619 +/- 0.280 3.970 +/- 0.317 OKC sd abserr 2.140 2.345 2.371 2.720 3.076 ORD mean bias -0.428 +/- 0.358 -0.268 +/- 0.375 -0.326 +/- 0.399 -0.268 +/- 0.420 -0.577 +/- 0.481 ORD sd bias 3.480 3.638 3.877 4.076 4.674 ORD mean abserr 2.699 +/- 0.230 2.809 +/- 0.239 2.967 +/- 0.259 3.213 +/- 0.259 3.688 +/- 0.301 ORD sd abserr 2.233 2.323 2.513 2.518 2.923 PHX mean bias 0.555 +/- 0.278 -0.188 +/- 0.275 0.030 +/- 0.289 0.041 +/- 0.298 0.044 +/- 0.311 PHX sd bias 2.696 2.671 2.808 2.892 3.021 PHX mean abserr 2.191 +/- 0.171 2.028 +/- 0.180 2.202 +/- 0.179 2.229 +/- 0.189 2.381 +/- 0.191 PHX sd abserr 1.663 1.745 1.739 1.838 1.856 SEA mean bias 0.552 +/- 0.239 0.354 +/- 0.245 0.547 +/- 0.254 0.434 +/- 0.269 0.390 +/- 0.287 SEA sd bias 2.321 2.379 2.467 2.612 2.785 SEA mean abserr 1.840 +/- 0.156 1.862 +/- 0.156 1.994 +/- 0.160 2.102 +/- 0.165 2.202 +/- 0.180 SEA sd abserr 1.517 1.519 1.549 1.606 1.746 SFO mean bias -0.113 +/- 0.243 -0.147 +/- 0.259 -0.144 +/- 0.287 -0.150 +/- 0.293 -0.023 +/- 0.300 SFO sd bias 2.333 2.484 2.752 2.811 2.882 SFO mean abserr 1.740 +/- 0.162 1.825 +/- 0.176 2.054 +/- 0.191 2.054 +/- 0.200 2.158 +/- 0.199 SFO sd abserr 1.555 1.689 1.834 1.922 1.907 SLC mean bias -0.235 +/- 0.364 -0.409 +/- 0.404 -0.550 +/- 0.428 -0.566 +/- 0.486 -0.878 +/- 0.503 SLC sd bias 3.531 3.921 4.151 4.718 4.884 SLC mean abserr 2.804 +/- 0.222 3.077 +/- 0.253 3.307 +/- 0.264 3.809 +/- 0.292 4.028 +/- 0.298 SLC sd abserr 2.154 2.460 2.564 2.833 2.891