29 June 2000 STEPS Supercell -- observations and modeling

Charge structure for multiple noninductive parameterizations

Charge structure for SP98 (a-c), RR (d-f), TAKA (g-i), and GZ (j-l) simulations at 28 min (a, d, g, j), 76 min (b, e, h, k), and 116 min (c, f, i, l). Red and blue shading denotes positive and negative charge regions, respectively. Lighter shading indicates areas of at least + or - 0.1 nC m^-3, darker shading indicates areas of at least + or - 0.25 nC m^-3. Cloud outline is a grey contour. Black contour is 25 dbz (a,d) and 45 dbz (b,c,e,f).

Lightning Density

Time-height plots of leader segment density, CG initiation points in solid black fill. (a) SP98 positive leaders, (b) SP98 negative leaders, (c) RR positive leaders, (d) RR negative leaders, (e) TAKA positive leaders, (f) TAKA negative leaders, (g) GZ positive leaders, (h) RR negative leaders.